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Poor dental health can result to dental caries, which is a complex infectious disease arising from tooth-adherent bacteria that ultimately attack dental tissue (our teeth), resulting in pain, discomfort and problems in chewing, and thus adversely affecting quality of life. It is actually much more common that we all think; research shows that up to 90% of school-aged children and adults will suffer at some point in their life from dental caries. Interesting huh?

A new study from the INMA cohort showed that the brushing technique (yes, there is a technique for how we should use our brush and not just move it “up and down”) plays an important role in the prevention of dental caries in childhood. In this study, children who used correctly their brush were around three times less likely to have dental caries. The study also showed that sugar intake was associated with tooth decay. Children who were frequent sugar consumers were three times more likely to suffer from a decayed tooth than those who consumed sugar infrequently.

Now, what if we tell you that dental health status can be controlled by more than just brushing correctly and getting the sugar intake habit under control? Teeth are often thought of as inanimate objects that need to be kept clean. However, teeth are a living, functioning part of our body. The way the body manages mineralization of the bone and consequently the teeth is guided by calcium balance and the immune system, which are both regulated by vitamin D. Research has linked vitamin D deficiency with variations in tooth morphology and oral anomalies such as periodontal and dental abscesses. The INMA study showed that a large proportion of children and their mothers had low concentrations of vitamin D in their blood. The study also showed that vitamin D deficiency practically tripled the likelihood of having dental caries in childhood.

In summary, the study suggests that not only the brushing technique and sugar intake play a role in dental hygiene but also that getting adequate amounts of vitamin D, for example through a nice stroll in the park during daytime, may help prevent dental caries.

Referencia: Suárez-Calleja C, Aza-Morera J, Iglesias-Cabo T, Tardón A. Vitamin D, pregnancy and caries in children in the INMA-Asturias birth cohort. BMC Pediatr. 2021 Sep 3;21(1):380.

Link: https://bmcpediatr.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12887-021-02857-z

Merry christmas!
¡Felices fiestas!
Bones festes!
Eguberri On!
¡Felices Fiestes!

Link to the December 2021 Newsletter: Link (Valencià)

Keep in mind that all we will present will be preliminary results. Please do not copy, cite or distribute them without the permission of the authors

• Definitive Scientific Program: Link
• Book of abstracts of the works that will be presented in the conference: Link

Join us!

• INSTRUCTIONS TO FOLLOW THE CONFERENCES BY STREAMING (23-24 November):
  The sessions will take place in person in San Sebastián, but you can follow all the sessions by streaming:
  1- Make sure you have a good INTERNET connection
  2- Enter the meeting link 10 minutes before the session begins
  LINK STREAMING: https://ehu.webex.com/ehu/j.php?MTID=m9e650704944ea023d31bbbb6397c1a08

• INSTRUCTIONS TO PARTICIPATE IN THE MEETINGS OF THE INMA WORKING GROUPS (November 29-December 3):
  The meetings will take place by “Google Meet”:
  1- Make sure you have a good INTERNET connection
  2- Enter the meeting link 10 minutes before the meeting starts
  3- Connect your microphone and DO NOT turn off the camera unless the coordinator indicates otherwise
  LINKs INMA WORKING GROUPS MEETINGS:
  •Respiratory and Allergies: https://meet.google.com/rwg-nuyh-uwq
  •Neurodevelopment: https://meet.google.com/qvt-xrjt-wsy
  •Statistics: https://meet.google.com/iwj-uccp-jee
  •Biomarkers: https://meet.google.com/usq-gtev-wzm
  •Pubertal development and hormonal disorders: https://meet.google.com/ztb-sisw-vpa
  •INMA 20+: https://meet.google.com/zcj-qrsj-oof
  •GIS variables (green and gray spaces, noise, traffic, land use) and Air Pollution: https://meet.google.com/tvc-gsua-krp
  •Follow-up visit protocols 14-16 years: https://meet.google.com/wrz-sdcj-wuk
  •(Epi)Genetics and Omics: https://meet.google.com/afu-gsrj-wef
  •Nutrition: https://meet.google.com/jid-wxwd-wij
  •INMA Parents: https://meet.google.com/nmw-qtjm-yws
  •Obesity, Postnatal Growth and Physical Activity: https://meet.google.com/hjn-gwuo-wja
  •New cohorts: https://meet.google.com/ntd-upwd-zzs

Thank you very much for your participation and remember that WE ARE WAITING FOR YOU!

Collaborators:

• Scientific Program: Link

These conference will follow the following format:

• INMA results presentation: in person on November 23 and 24 in Centro Carlos Santamaria, Campus Gipuzkoa, Universidad del País Vasco UPV/EHU, Donostia-San Sebastián (it will be broadcast in Streaming)
• Meetings of the INMA Working Groups: online format on November 29, 30 + December 1, 2, 3

Reserve these dates! We will wait for you!

• REGISTRATION:
  Registration is mandatory since we need to have your data to send you the information so that you can attend, follow and connect on-line to the different sessions.
  Send us an e-mail to: inma@proyectoinma.org with this data (all fields are required!):
  • Subject for the e-mail: REGISTRATION INMA CONFERENCE 2021
  • Name:
  • Surname:
  • E-mail:
  • Relationship with the INMA Project:
    – Do you belong to any cohort of the INMA Project? to which?:
    – Do you collaborate with any cohort of the INMA Project? with which?:
    – Are you external to the INMA Project?:
  • Your participation will be:
    – I will attend in person the presentation of results on November 23 in San Sebastián: (Yes or No)
    – I will attend in person the presentation of results on November 24 in San Sebastián: (Yes or No)
    – I will participate in the lunch (after closure) on November 24 in San Sebastián: (Yes or No)
    – I will follow the presentation of results on November 23 and 24 by Streaming: (Yes or No)
    – I will join on-line the meetings of the INMA Working Groups on November 29, 30 + December 1, 2, 3: (Yes or No)

Registration will be open until November 12, 2021.

Colaboradores:

In the following link you will find the interview that they have carried out on the “Effects of environmental exposures on human health”

Link to the interview: Link

– Birth:

Carlos Mazón, Rosa Maria Sabaté, Nuria Ribas

– 1-1,5 years:

Carlos Mazón, Rosa Maria Sabaté, Nuria Ribas

– 4-5 years:

Carlos Mazón, Rosa Maria Sabaté, Jordi Julvez, Nuria Ribas

– 13-14 years:

Carlos Mazón, Rosa Maria Sabaté, Mireia Gascon

Acknowledgments from the INMA-Menorca cohort:

– Pregnancy:

Mireia García Orellana, Maria Victoria Estraña Pelegrín

– Birth:

Mireia García Orellana, Maria Victoria Estraña Pelegrín

– 6 months:

Mireia García Orellana, Maria Victoria Estraña Pelegrín

– 1-1,5 years:

Mireia García Orellana, Maria Victoria Estraña Pelegrín

– 2-2,5 years:

Mireia García Orellana, Maria Victoria Estraña Pelegrín

– 3 years:

Mireia García Orellana, Maria Victoria Estraña Pelegrín

– 4-5 years:

Maria Victoria Zunzunegui

– 6-7 years:

Maria Victoria Zunzunegui

– 9-10 years:

Cristina Capó de Pablo

– 11-12 years:

Cristina Capó de Pablo

– 13-14 years:

Cristina Capó de Pablo, Josep Lluch Taltavull

– 17-18 years:

Cristina Capó de Pablo, Josep Lluch Taltavull

Acknowledgments from the INMA-Granada cohort:

– Birth:

Maria Jose Lopez-Espinosa, Isabel Cerrillo, Alicia Granada, Begoña Olmos, Jose Manuel Molina-Molina, Milagros Cruz, África Caño

– 4-5 years:

Rosa Ramos, Patricia Araque, Francisco Cruz, Maite Salvatierra, Concha Robles, Ana Abril, Raquel Puertas, Francisco Cruz, Jose Manuel Molina-Molina, Inmaculada Jiménez-Diaz

– 9-10 years:

Rosa Ramos, Rocío Perez Lobato, Olga Ocón, Cristina Dávila, Irene Calvente, Antonio Muñoz Hoyos, Remedios Prada, Raquel Quesada

– 14-16 years:

Francesca Castiello, José Gómez Vida, Antonio Mundo, Marina Molina, Raquel Romero, Raquel Quesada, Cristina López

Acknowledgments from the INMA-Valencia cohort:

– Pregnancy:

Amparo Quiles, Gemma León, Sandra Aliaga, Elena Romero, Amparo Cases, María Andreu, Rosa Ramón, Marina Lacasaña, Sabrina Llop, Alfredo Perales, Alfredo Marco, Josep Ferrís, Juan Antonio Ortega, Laura Checa y Núria Gómez

– Birth:

Amparo Quiles, Gemma León, Sandra Aliaga, Elena Romero, Amparo Cases, María Andreu, Alfredo Marco, Josep Ferrís, Juan Antonio Ortega

– 6 months:

Rosa Ramón, Amparo Quiles, Gemma León, Sandra Aliaga, Elena Romero, Amparo Cases, María Andreu

– 1-1,5 years:

Rosa Ramón, Amparo Quiles, Gemma León, Sandra Aliaga, Elena Romero, Amparo Cases, María Andreu, María Monzonís, Virginia Fuentes y Belen Plaza

– 2-2,5 years:

Amparo Quiles, Amparo Cases y Virginia Fuentes

– 4-5 years:

Amparo Cases, Mar González, Rosa M Cortés, Sandra González, Clara Rodríguez, Mª Dolores Climent, Virginia Fuentes, Melanie Larson y Silvia Gimeno Martos

– 6-7 years:

Amparo Cases, Silvia Gimeno Martos, Sandra González, Esperanza Alabarta Dominguez, Amparo Ferrero

– 9-10 years:

Amparo Cases, Andrea Beneito, Esperanza Alabarta Dominguez, Llúcia González, Lourdes Margaix Fontestad, Adela Negre, Montse Boronat Catalá, Amparo Ferrero, y Silvia Gimeno Martos

– 11-12 years:

Amparo Cases, Andrea Beneito, Silvia Gimeno Martos, Llúcia González, Suhaila, Dani Lozano y Amparo Ferrero

– 14-16 years:

Llúcia González, Raquel Soler, Natalia Marín, Amparo Ferrero, Andrea Beneito, Reem Abumallouh, Tatiana Oltra, Mercé, Rocio Stephanie Bermúdez Pérez, Raquel Álvarez, Ana Cintas, Ana García, Begoña Divernois, Alva Saa y Montse

Acknowledgments from the INMA-Sabadell cohort:

– Pregnancy:

Glòria Lopez, Belen Llonch, Maribel Lopez, Sílvia Fochs, Anna Sanchez, Carlos Ferrer, Núria Ribas, Àgueda Martinez, Raquel Garcia, Equip de Llevadores, Obstetres de Sant Felix

– Birth:

Núria Pey, Carlos Ferrer, Raquel Garcia, Equip de Llevadores Sala de Parts, Pediatres Hospital Parc Tauli

– 6 months:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Anna Sanchez, Núria Ribas, Raquel Garcia

– 1-1,5 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Anna Sanchez, Jordi Júlvez, Muriel Ferrer, Núria Ribas, Raquel Garcia

– 2-2,5 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Anna Sanchez, Mar Alvarez, Raquel Garcia

– 4-5 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Anna Sanchez, Muriel Ferrer, Mar Alvarez, Mònica Guxens, Raquel Garcia

– 6-7 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Jordi Júlvez, Raquel Garcia

– 9-10 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Muriel Ferrer, Pau Pañella, Marina Biel, Maribel Casas, Jordi Júlvez, Diana Clemente, Laura Birks, Gosia Lubczynska, Natalia Vilor, Raquel Garcia

– 11-12 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Serena Fossati, Parisa Montazeri, Alicia Abellan, Alba Cabré, Ainhoa Jorcano, Raquel Garcia

– 14-16 years:

Sílvia Fochs, Núria Pey, Susana Gros, Paula de Prado, Maria Torres, Núria Güil, Marta Gallego, Lorenzo Fabri, Natalia Carreras, Maribel Muelas

Acknowledgments from the INMA-Asturias cohort:

– Pregnancy, Birth, 6 months, 1-1,5 years, 4-5 years, 8-9 years, 11-12 years:

To all the professionals who have facilitated the collection of the INMA Asturias cohort and to the staff from Hospital San Agustin in Aviles for their effort

Acknowledgments from the INMA-Gipuzkoa cohort:

– Pregnancy:

Haizea Begiristain

– Birth:

Haizea Begiristain

– 1-1,5 years:

Haizea Begiristain, Bidatz Sasiain

– 4-5 years:

Bidatz Sasiain

– 8-9 years:

Eva Pereda

– 11-12 years:

Nerea Urbieta

– 14-16 years:

Nerea Urbieta

POPs include organochlorine pesticides (e.g., p,p’-DDT, HCB), as well as industrial chemical (PCB). The production and use of these chemicals have been banned (PCBs, HCB) or restricted (p,p’-DDT) under the Stockholm Convention in 2004. However, due to their high persistence in the environment, they are still detected in human bodies, including pregnant women and children. Populations are mostly exposed by contaminated food. During pregnancy, maternal levels of POPs are transmitted to the child through the placenta, and postnatally, via breast milk.

In previous INMA studies, prenatal exposure to p,p’-DDT, HCB and PCBs have been associated with a risk for rapid weight gain in infancy and elevated body mass index (BMI) in childhood. There were no studies assessing whether such associations continue into adolescence, a developmental stage characterized by significant changes in the hormonal system and rapid increases in body mass. Moreover, most studies used indirect measures of obesity and few of them explored cardiometabolic traits.

In this new study, a total of 379 children from INMA-Menorca were included. POP levels were measured in umbilical cord blood samples and the children were then seen periodically between the ages of 4 and 18 years. At these visits, scientists recorded BMI, body fat percentage and blood pressure. When the child reached 14 years of age, biomarkers of cardiometabolic risk (cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, etc.) were measured in blood.
The results suggest that prenatal exposure to p,p’-DDT and HCB was associated with increase BMI during childhood and adolescence. In addition, they were also associated with increased waist-to-height ratio, higher blood pressure and greater levels of serum lipids in adolescence. Finally, prenatal HCB levels were associated with higher body fat % in adolescence.

This is the first study showing that the association between prenatal exposure to POPs and BMI persist into adolescence, and that POPs are associated with risk factors for metabolic syndrome in adults. Authors say that “some of these substances could be considered endocrine disruptors, that is, chemicals that interfere with hormonal regulation”, adding that “it is thought that POPs may interact with hormone receptors or with the generation of free radicals, and the chief problem is that these pollutants accumulate in the fatty tissues of living organisms, where they can persist for years, even decades”. As one in four people is affected by metabolic syndrome worldwide, authors plead for more studies, especially in children and adolescents.

Reference: Güil-Oumrait N, Valvi D, Garcia-Esteban R, Guxens M, Sunyer J, Torrent M, Casas M, Vrijheid M. Prenatal exposure to persistent organic pollutants and markers of obesity and cardiometabolic risk in Spanish adolescents. Environ Int. 2021 Jun;151:106469.

Link: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2021.106469